First, thaw it safely
- Turn the cooling off at the thermostat. Leave the fan set to ON. The fan moving room air over the coil melts the ice much faster than just shutting everything down.
- Give it time. A light frost may clear in an hour. A solid block of ice can take most of a day.
- Do not chip at the ice. The coil is soft copper and aluminum. Puncture it and a cheap repair becomes an expensive one.
- Watch for water. All that ice becomes liquid and has to drain somewhere. Keep towels handy near the indoor unit.
Then find out why it happened
Restricted airflow
The coil gets cold. Air moving across it keeps it above freezing. Cut that airflow and the coil drops below 32 degrees, condensation turns to frost, and the frost blocks even more air. It snowballs.
- A dirty filter, by a wide margin the most common cause
- Closed or blocked supply vents, including furniture pushed against them
- A dirty blower wheel or evaporator coil
- Crushed or disconnected flex duct, which we see fairly often in older attics
Low refrigerant
Low refrigerant drops the pressure in the coil, which drops the temperature below freezing. Again, refrigerant does not get used up. Low means leaking, and the leak has to be found rather than just refilled.
Running a frozen system will eventually kill the compressor. Liquid refrigerant returning to a compressor built to handle gas causes real damage, and the compressor is the single most expensive part of the system. If yours keeps freezing, stop running it and get it looked at.
Why this happens more here
Southeast Georgia humidity means far more moisture passes over the coil than in a dry climate, so there is simply more water available to freeze when something goes wrong. A system that would merely run inefficiently in Arizona will ice up here.